ISACA CCAK Certification All-in-One Exam Guide Oct-2025
Get Real CCAK Exam Dumps [Oct-2025] Practice Tests
NEW QUESTION # 109
Which of the following would be the GREATEST governance challenge to an organization where production is hosted in a public cloud and backups are held on the premises?
- A. Aligning the cloud provider's SLA with the organization's policy
- B. Aligning shared responsibilities between provider and customer
- C. Aligning the organization's activity with the cloud provider's policy
- D. Aligning the cloud service delivery with the organization's objective
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 110
A CSP providing cloud services currently being used by the United States federal government should obtain which of the following to assure compliance to stringent government standards?
- A. Multi-Tier Cloud Security (MTCS) Attestation
- B. ISO/IEC 27001:2013 Certification
- C. CSA STAR Level Certificate
- D. FedRAMP Authorization
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 111
During the planning phase of a cloud audit, the PRIMARY goal of a cloud auditor is to:
- A. collect sufficient evidence.
- B. minimize audit resources.
- C. address audit objectives.
- D. specify appropriate tests.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
According to the ISACA Cloud Auditing Knowledge Certificate Study Guide, the primary goal of a cloud auditor during the planning phase of a cloud audit is to address audit objectives1. The audit objectives are the specific questions that the audit aims to answer, such as whether the cloud service meets the security, compliance, performance, and availability requirements of the cloud customer. The audit objectives should be aligned with the organization's context, risk appetite, and expectations. The audit objectives should also be clear, measurable, achievable, relevant, and timely.
The other options are not the primary goal of a cloud auditor during the planning phase of a cloud audit.
Option A is a possible activity, but not the main goal of the planning phase. The appropriate tests are determined based on the audit objectives, criteria, and methodology. Option C is a possible constraint, but not the main goal of the planning phase. The audit resources should be allocated based on the audit scope, complexity, and significance. Option D is a possible outcome, but not the main goal of the planning phase.
The sufficient evidence is collected during the execution phase of the audit, based on the audit plan.
References:
ISACA Cloud Auditing Knowledge Certificate Study Guide, page 12-13.
NEW QUESTION # 112
Transparent data encryption is used for:
- A. data across communication channels.
- B. data and log files at rest
- C. data in random access memory (RAM).
- D. data currently being processed.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Transparent data encryption (TDE) is used for data and log files at rest. This means that TDE encrypts the database files on the disk and decrypts them when they are read into memory. TDE protects the data from unauthorized access or theft if the physical media, such as drives or backup tapes, are stolen or lost. TDE does not encrypt data across communication channels, data currently being processed, or data in random access memory (RAM). These types of data require different encryption methods, such as SSL/TLS, column encryption, or memory encryption12.
Reference:
Transparent data encryption (TDE) - SQL Server | Microsoft Learn
Transparent Data Encryption - Oracle Help Center
NEW QUESTION # 113
When deploying Security as a Service in a highly regulated industry or environment, what should bothparties agree on in advance and include in the SLA?
- A. The duration of time that a security violation can occur before the client begins assessing regulatory fines.
- B. The metrics defining the service level required to achieve regulatory objectives.
- C. The type of security software which meets regulations and the number of licenses that will be needed.
- D. The cost per incident for security breaches of regulated information.
- E. The regulations that are pertinent to the contract and how to circumvent them.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 114
The FINAL decision to include a material finding in a cloud audit report should be made by the:
- A. organization's chief information security officer (CISO)
- B. cloud auditor.
- C. organization's chief executive officer (CEO).
- D. auditee's senior management.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
According to the ISACA Cloud Auditing Knowledge Certificate Study Guide, the final decision to include a material finding in a cloud audit report should be made by the cloud auditor1. A material finding is a significant error or risk in the cloud service that could affect the achievement of the audit objectives or the cloud customer's business outcomes. The cloud auditor is responsible for identifying, evaluating, and reporting the material findings based on the audit criteria, methodology, and evidence. The cloud auditor should also communicate the material findings to the auditee and other relevant stakeholders, and obtain their feedback and responses.
The other options are not correct. Option A is incorrect, as the auditee's senior management is not in charge of the audit report, but rather the subject of the audit. The auditee's senior management should provide their perspective and action plans for the material findings, but they cannot decide whether to include or exclude them from the report. Option B is incorrect, as the organization's CEO is not involved in the audit process, but rather the ultimate recipient of the audit report. The organization's CEO should review and act upon the audit report, but they cannot influence the content of the report. Option D is incorrect, as the organization's CISO is not an independent party, but rather a stakeholder of the audit. The organization's CISO should support and collaborate with the cloud auditor, but they cannot make the final decision on the material findings. References
:
ISACA Cloud Auditing Knowledge Certificate Study Guide, page 19-20.
NEW QUESTION # 115
A new company has all its operations in the cloud. Which of the following would be the BEST information security control framework to implement?
- A. ISO/IEC 27018
- B. NIST 800-73, because it is a control framework implemented by the main cloud providers
- C. ISO/IEC 27002
- D. (S) Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) Cloud Controls Matrix (CCM)
Answer: D
Explanation:
The Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) Cloud Controls Matrix (CCM) would be the best information security control framework to implement for a new company that has all its operations in the cloud. The CCM is a cybersecurity control framework for cloud computing that is aligned to the CSA best practices and is considered the de-facto standard for cloud security and privacy. The CCM covers 17 domains and 197 control objectives that address all key aspects of cloud technology, such as data security, identity and access management, encryption and key management, incident response, audit assurance, and compliance. The CCM also maps to other industry-accepted security standards, regulations, and frameworks, such as ISO 27001
/27002/27017/27018, NIST SP 800-53, PCI DSS, COBIT, FedRAMP, etc., which can help the company to achieve multiple compliance goals with one framework. The CCM also provides guidance on the shared responsibility model between cloud service providers and cloud customers, and helps to define the organizational relevance of each control12.
References:
* Cloud Controls Matrix (CCM) - CSA
* Cloud Controls Matrix and CAIQ v4 | CSA - Cloud Security Alliance
NEW QUESTION # 116
Cloud Control Matrix (CCM) controls can be used by cloud customers to:
- A. build an operational cloud risk management program.
- B. develop new security baselines for the industry.
- C. facilitate communication with their legal department.
- D. define different control frameworks for different cloud service providers.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 117
To assist an organization with planning a cloud migration strategy to execution, an auditor should recommend the use of:
- A. object-oriented architecture.
- B. service-oriented architecture.
- C. software architecture
- D. enterprise architecture (EA).
Answer: D
Explanation:
To assist an organization with planning a cloud migration strategy to execution, an auditor should recommend the use of enterprise architecture (EA). EA is a holistic approach to aligning the business and IT objectives, processes, and resources of an organization. EA helps to define the current and future state of the organization, identify the gaps and opportunities, and design the roadmap and governance for the cloud migration. EA also helps to ensure that the cloud migration is consistent with the organization's vision, mission, values, and strategy, and that it meets the requirements of the stakeholders, customers, and regulators. EA is part of the Cloud Control Matrix (CCM) domain GRC-01: Enterprise Risk Management, which states that "The organization should have a policy and procedures to identify, assess, manage, and monitor risks related to cloud services."1 References := CCAK Study Guide, Chapter 2: Cloud Governance, page 25
NEW QUESTION # 118
To ensure a cloud service provider is complying with an organization's privacy requirements, a cloud auditor should FIRST review:
- A. the IT infrastructure.
- B. adherence to organization policies, standards, and procedures.
- C. legal and regulatory requirements.
- D. organizational policies, standards, and procedures.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
To ensure a cloud service provider is complying with an organization's privacy requirements, a cloud auditor should first review the organizational policies, standards, and procedures that define the privacy objectives, expectations, and responsibilities of the organization. The organizational policies, standards, and procedures should also reflect the legal and regulatory requirements that apply to the organization and its cloud service provider, as well as the best practices and guidelines for cloud privacy. The organizational policies, standards, and procedures should provide the basis for evaluating the cloud service provider's privacy practices and controls, as well as the contractual terms and conditions that govern the cloud service agreement. The cloud auditor should compare the organizational policies, standards, and procedures with the cloud service provider's self-disclosure statements, third-party audit reports, certifications, attestations, or other evidence of compliance123.
Reviewing the adherence to organization policies, standards, and procedures (B) is a subsequent step that the cloud auditor should perform after reviewing the organizational policies, standards, and procedures themselves. The cloud auditor should assess whether the cloud service provider is following the organization's policies, standards, and procedures consistently and effectively, as well as whether the organization is monitoring and enforcing the compliance of the cloud service provider. The cloud auditor should also identify any gaps or deviations between the organization's policies, standards, and procedures and the actual practices and controls of the cloud service provider123.
Reviewing the legal and regulatory requirements is an important aspect of ensuring a cloud service provider is complying with an organization's privacy requirements, but it is not the first step that a cloud auditor should take. The legal and regulatory requirements may vary depending on the jurisdiction, industry, or sector of the organization and its cloud service provider. The legal and regulatory requirements may also change over time or be subject to interpretation or dispute. Therefore, the cloud auditor should first review the organizational policies, standards, and procedures that incorporate and translate the legal and regulatory requirements into specific and measurable privacy objectives, expectations, and responsibilities for both parties123.
Reviewing the IT infrastructure (D) is not a relevant or sufficient step for ensuring a cloud service provider is complying with an organization's privacy requirements. The IT infrastructure refers to the hardware, software, network, and other components that support the delivery of cloud services. The IT infrastructure is only one aspect of cloud security and privacy, and it may not be accessible or visible to the cloud auditor or the organization. The cloud auditor should focus on reviewing the privacy practices and controls that are implemented by the cloud service provider at different layers of the cloud service model (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), as well as the contractual terms and conditions that define the privacy rights and obligations of both parties123.
References :=
Cloud Audits and Compliance: What You Need To Know - Linford & Company LLP Trust in the Cloud in audits of cloud services - PwC Cloud Compliance & Regulations Resources | Google Cloud
NEW QUESTION # 119
Which of the following is MOST important to ensure effective cloud application controls are maintained in an organization?
- A. Exception reporting
- B. Third-party vendor involvement
- C. Application team internal review
- D. Control self-assessment (CSA)
Answer: A
Explanation:
Exception reporting is crucial for maintaining effective cloud application controls within an organization. It involves monitoring and reporting deviations from standard operating procedures, which can indicate potential security issues. This proactive approach allows organizations to address vulnerabilities promptly before they can be exploited. Exception reporting is a key component of a robust security posture, as it provides real-time insights into the operational effectiveness of controls and helps maintain compliance with security policies.
Reference = The importance of exception reporting is highlighted in best practices for cloud security, which emphasize the need for continuous monitoring and immediate response to any anomalies detected in cloud applications
NEW QUESTION # 120
Which of the following is an example of a corrective control?
- A. All new employees having standard access rights until their manager approves privileged rights
- B. Privileged access to critical information systems requiring a second factor of authentication using a soft token
- C. Unsuccessful access attempts being automatically logged for investigation
- D. A central antivirus system installing the latest signature files before allowing a connection to the network
Answer: C
Explanation:
A corrective control is a measure taken to correct or reduce the impact of an error, deviation, or unwanted activity1. Corrective control can be either manual or automated, depending on the type of control used. Corrective control can involve procedures, manuals, systems, patches, quarantines, terminations, reboots, or default dates1. A Business Continuity Plan (BCP) is an example of a corrective control.
Unsuccessful access attempts being automatically logged for investigation is an example of a corrective control because it is a response to a potential security incident that aims to identify and resolve the cause and prevent future occurrences2. Logging and investigating failed login attempts can help detect unauthorized or malicious attempts to access sensitive data or systems and take appropriate actions to mitigate the risk.
The other options are examples of preventive controls, which are designed to prevent problems from occurring in the first place3. Preventive controls can include:
A central antivirus system installing the latest signature files before allowing a connection to the network: This is a preventive control because it prevents malware infection by blocking potentially harmful connections and updating the antivirus software regularly4.
All new employees having standard access rights until their manager approves privileged rights: This is a preventive control because it prevents unauthorized access by enforcing the principle of least privilege and requiring approval for granting higher-level permissions5.
Privileged access to critical information systems requiring a second factor of authentication using a soft token: This is a preventive control because it prevents credential theft or compromise by adding an extra layer of security to verify the identity of the user.
Reference:
What is a corrective control? - Answers1, section on Corrective control Detective controls - SaaS Lens - docs.aws.amazon.com2, section on Unsuccessful login attempts Internal control: how do preventive and detective controls work?3, section on Preventive Controls What Are Security Controls? - F54, section on Preventive Controls The 3 Types of Internal Controls (With Examples) | Layer Blog5, section on Preventive Controls What are the 3 Types of Internal Controls? - RiskOptics - Reciprocity, section on Preventive Controls
NEW QUESTION # 121
Application programming interfaces (APIs) are likely to be attacked continuously by bad actors because they:
- A. are generally the most exposed part.
- B. act as a very effective backdoor.
- C. could be poorly designed.
- D. are the asset with private IP addresses.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
APIs are likely to be attacked continuously by bad actors because they are generally the most exposed part of an application or system. APIs serve as the interface between different components or services, and often expose sensitive data or functionality to the outside world. APIs can be accessed by anyone with an Internet connection, and can be easily discovered by scanning or crawling techniques. Therefore, APIs are a prime target for attackers who want to exploit vulnerabilities, steal data, or disrupt services.
References:
ISACA, Certificate of Cloud Auditing Knowledge (CCAK) Study Guide, 2021, p. 88-89.
OWASP, The Ten Most Critical API Security Risks - OWASP Foundation, 2019, p. 4-5
NEW QUESTION # 122
What aspect of SaaS functionality and operations would the cloud customer be responsible for and should be audited?
- A. Vulnerability management
- B. Patching
- C. Source code reviews
- D. Access controls
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 123
Regarding suppliers of a cloud service provider, it is MOST important for the auditor to be aware that the:
- A. client organization and provider are both responsible for the provider's suppliers.
- B. suppliers are accountable for the provider's service that they are providing.
- C. client organization does not need to worry about the provider's suppliers, as this is the provider's responsibility.
- D. client organization has a clear understanding of the provider's suppliers.
Answer: D
Explanation:
It is most important for the auditor to be aware that the client organization has a clear understanding of the provider's suppliers. The provider's suppliers are the third-party entities that provide services or products to the provider, such as infrastructure, software, hardware, or support. The provider's suppliers may have a significant impact on the quality, security, reliability, and performance of the cloud services that the provider delivers to the client organization. Therefore, the auditor should ensure that the client organization knows who the provider's suppliers are, what services or products they provide, what risks they pose, and what contractual or regulatory obligations they have123.
The other options are not correct. Option A, the client organization does not need to worry about the provider' s suppliers, as this is the provider's responsibility, is incorrect because the client organization cannot rely solely on the provider to manage its suppliers. The client organization has to perform due diligence and oversight on the provider's suppliers, as they may affect the client organization's own security, compliance, and business objectives12. Option B, the suppliers are accountable for the provider's service that they are providing, is incorrect because the suppliers are not directly accountable to the client organization, but to the provider. The provider is ultimately accountable to the client organization for its service delivery and performance12. Option C, the client organization and provider are both responsible for the provider's suppliers, is incorrect because the responsibility for the provider's suppliers depends on the shared responsibility model, which defines how the security and compliance tasks and obligations are divided between the provider and the client organization. The shared responsibility model may vary depending on the type and level of cloud service that the provider offers12. References :=
* Cloud Computing: Auditing Challenges - ISACA1
* Cloud Computing: Audit Considerations - ISACA2
* Top 16 Cloud Computing Companies & Service Providers 2023 - Datamation
NEW QUESTION # 124
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